This list was then saved as accession IDs on STRING. and counteracting the problems of invasiveness while also serving as a pool of potential biomarkers. In this Itraconazole (Sporanox) review, we will provide details of the body fluids-based biomarkers that have been reported in cervical cancer. Here, we have presented our perspective on proteomics for global biomarker discovery by addressing several pertinent problems, including the challenges that are confronted in cervical cancer. Further, we also used bioinformatic methods to undertake a meta-analysis of significantly up-regulated biomolecular profiles in CVF from cervical cancer patients. Our analysis deciphered alterations in the biological pathways in CVF such as immune response, glycolytic processes, regulation of cell death, regulation of structural size, protein polymerization disease, and other pathways that can cumulatively contribute to cervical cancer malignancy. We believe, more extensive research on such biomarkers, will speed up the road to early identification and prevention of cervical cancer in the near future. basically predict a patients Itraconazole (Sporanox) reaction to targeted therapy and thereby establish subpopulations of patients who are likely to benefit from that. SAPK3 In this review, we will mostly discuss diagnostic biomarkers from the literature available in the field of cervical cancer. Proteomics-based technologies are being used to uncover biomarkers in a variety of diseases, and they are promising because the amount of protein, its structure, and its functions can all be utilized as indicators to improve early disease identification or prediction [6]. When it comes to body fluids, the abundance of biomarkers will be highest in those originating from the proximal tumour microenvironment [5]. Blood is the most prevalent body fluid used for biomarker identification, followed by saliva, urine, CSF, and then microenvironment-specific body fluids [5]. Cervical cancer patients are divided into four major stages (I to Itraconazole (Sporanox) IV) by FIGO (The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics), where each stage is again divided into multiple sub-stages. In stage I, the tumour is very small, and only confined to the cervix. In stage II, it starts spreading beyond the uterus, present in the upper two thirds of the vagina. In stage III and beyond, the tumour becomes aggressive and spreads to nearby pelvic lymph nodes and distant organs. Cervical carcinoma beyond stage IB2 is called locally advanced cervical cancer or LACC [7]. When it comes to cervical cancer, current routes of therapy for FIGO stages IIA and above involve radiotherapy along with administration of Cisplatin [8]. The hunt for novel therapeutics becomes especially relevant in this case, which manifests therapy resistance (radioresistance and chemoresistance) in its later stages. Furthermore, proteomic approaches can be extremely helpful for understanding the modes of therapy resistance by comparing the protein profiles of drug-resistant cells and drug-sensitive cancer cells [9]. Given the plethora of information that can be derived from proteomics methodologies based on body fluids, this route has a lot of promise for creating new therapies for cervical cancer. In this review, we will present various types of body fluids that are useful in cervical cancer diagnosis and will discuss the possible protein biomarkers reported from them (blood, serum, cervical-vaginal fluid or CVF, amniotic fluid, urine, etc.). Next, we will discuss the types of Itraconazole (Sporanox) body fluids that have been used to find CaCx biomarkers in the past, as well as the obstacles of sample collection, along with the benefits and drawbacks of each. Finally, we will present a metadata analysis of three different studies based on cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) proteomics to provide a glimpse into cumulative biomarkers and various cellular pathways found to be important for cervical cancer. This will help elucidate the scope of CVF, a body fluid proximal to the cervicovaginal environment, to be taken as a prominent diagnostic fluid in the future. 1.1. Proteomics-Driven Biomarker Discoveries from Diverse Body Fluids Clinically relevant biomarker research, which is fueled by omics-based technologies, particularly Itraconazole (Sporanox) shotgun proteomics, has already made significant advances. Such omics-based (genomics and proteomics) techniques hold the promise.