Experimental validations used to require a few weeks to obtain exact results. Casirivimab, Imdevima, Cilgavimab, Tixagevimab, Sotrovimab, and Regdanvimab might be dampened to varying degrees. Our analysis suggests the effect of Omicron on current Amyloid b-peptide (1-40) (rat) restorative antibodies from the Omicron spike mutations may also apply to current COVID-19 vaccines. strong class=”kwd-title” Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, omicron, antibody, vaccine 1. Intro During the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the World Health Corporation (WHO) has been tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants in terms of variants of concern (VOCs), variants of interest (VOIs), or variants under monitoring (VUMs) [1]. Earlier VOCs including Alpha (Pango lineage B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), and Delta (B.1.617.2 and AY.*) were usually designated 3 to 6 months after they were 1st reported. Amyloid b-peptide (1-40) (rat) The most recent VOC, Omicron (B.1.1.529 Amyloid b-peptide (1-40) (rat) or BA.*), was named Amyloid b-peptide (1-40) (rat) on 26 November 2021, only 4 days after its sequence was first submitted [2]. The urgent action was prompted from the MADH9 recognition of an unusually large number of mutations in the Omicron spike, which includes 10 mutations in the N-terminal domain (NTD) and 15 mutations in the receptor binding domain (RBD) [3]. While such mutation figures delayed the validation of impact on restorative antibodies and vaccines. Past studies possess isolated hundreds of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for analysing epitopes or developing restorative drugs. This allows the recognition of the precise constructions of antigen-antibody complexes. These studies offered reliable data to estimate the effect of growing viral variants instantly Amyloid b-peptide (1-40) (rat) on vaccine evasion without experiments. To estimate the effect, we collected 132 confirmed epitopes of 120 monocloncal antibodies (Table S1) focusing on five major antigenic groups, namely NTD [4], RBD-1, RBD-2, RBD-3, and RBD-4 [5]. Since the spike protein in vaccines authorized shares an identical structural basis for generating the above-mentioned antibodies, it is urgent to analyse the effect of all mutations in the Omicron spike on both vaccines and restorative antibodies. Here, we evaluate the effect of Omicron spike mutations on vaccines and antibodies using our SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody database. Our analysis demonstrates the Omicron mutations effect all epitopes in NTD, RBD-1, RBD-2, and RBD-3, with no antibody-binding sites spared by these mutations. Only four antibodies in RBD-4 may confer full resistance to mutations in the Omicron spike. Of all antibodies under EUA, neutralisation potential of Etesevimab, Bamlanivimab, Casirivimab, Imdevima, Cilgavimab, Tixagevimab, Sotrovimab, and Regdanvimab might be dampened to varying degrees. Our analysis suggests the effect of Omicron on current restorative antibodies from the Omicron spike mutations may also apply to current COVID-19 vaccines. 2. Methods We collected 132 confirmed conformational epitopes with protein constructions released in the Protein Data Standard bank (PDB) or annotated epitope footprints in the literature. For antibodies with protein constructions, the epitope residues were calculated following a IEDB method [6]; otherwise, partially epitope positions were collected from research results. Details of all antibodies with epitope footprints, PDB access numbers, and research DOI quantity are demonstrated in Table S1. Some antibodies display different epitopes in different studies, and we recorded them as different epitopes. We plotted the spike protein epitopes using Microsoft Powerpoint. In our database, 132 monoclonal antibody epitopes can be classified into five antigenic organizations: NTD [4], RBD-1, RBD-2, RBD-3, and RBD-4 [5]. Among these epitopes, 19 epitopes recognised by 19 antibodies are in the NTD antigenic group, while in RBD, 114 epitopes bound by 102 antibodies focusing on the RBD of spike protein. You will find 42,.